In humans where is glycogen stored

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The main trigger for this process is insulin:. The amount of glycogen stored in these cells can vary depending on how active you are, how much energy you burn at rest , and the types of food you eat. Glycogen stored in muscle is primarily used by the muscles themselves, while those stored in the liver are distributed throughout the body—mainly to the brain and spinal cord.

Glycogen should not be confused with the hormone glucagon, which is also important in carbohydrate metabolism and blood glucose control. At any given time, there are about 4 grams of glucose in your blood. When the level begins to decline—either because you have not eaten or are burning glucose during exercise—insulin levels will also drop. When this happens, an enzyme called glycogen phosphorylase starts breaking glycogen down to supply the body with glucose. For the next eight to 12 hours, glucose derived from liver glycogen becomes the body's primary energy source.

Your brain consumes more than half of the body's blood glucose during periods of inactivity. What you eat and how much you move around also influence glycogen production. The effects are especially acute if you're following a low-carb diet , where the primary source of glucose synthesis—carbohydrate—is suddenly restricted. When first starting a low-carb diet, your body's glycogen stores can be severely depleted and you may experience symptoms like fatigue and mental dullness.

Additionally, any amount of weight loss can have the same effect on glycogen stores. Initially, you may experience a rapid drop in weight.

After a period of time, your weight may plateau and possibly even increase. The phenomenon is partly due to the composition of glycogen, which is primarily water.

In fact, the water in these molecules accounts for three to four times the weight of the glucose itself. As such, rapid depletion of glycogen at the onset of the diet triggers the loss of water weight. Over time, glycogen stores are renewed and the water weight begins to return.

When this happens, weight loss may stall or plateau. Gains experienced in the beginning come from water loss, not fat loss, and are only temporary. Fat loss can continue despite the short-term plateau effect. The body can store around 2, calories of glucose as glycogen.