How many people suffer from gastritis

Besides, 47 Moreover, 50 Whereas, 22 With reference to habitual practices, Moreover, Apart from this, 38 Furthermore, 25 Regarding drugs taken to a treatment, Furthermore, Concerning to meals, Apart from this, 80 Furthermore, 26 Relating to substance use, Regarding the symptoms of gastritis, 31 The results also revealed that 27 Furthermore, 33 Correspondingly, 17 It also revealed that 25 On the other hand, 18 The VIF statistics for multicollinearity test were less than 10 for all variables, indicating that there is no collinearity between the predictor variables.

Furthermore, the assumption of parallelism was checked using the likelihood ratio test The -2 log likelihood value of the final model Furthermore, the ratio of value to the degree of freedom of Pearson statistics is close to 1, revealing that the model fits well Table 4.

The multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was presented in Table 5. The result indicated that being female was 0.

Moreover, study participants with higher age were slightly significant to be at higher gastritis status than those of lower age. Apart from this, study participants of low income were slightly significant to be at higher gastritis status than those of higher income level.

Likewise, study participants eating spicy foods was 1. Furthermore, study participants who did not involve in physical activity were 1.

Similarly, study participants who had stress and anxiety were 2. Moreover, study participants taking medicinal drugs for treatment were slightly significant to be exposed to higher gastritis status than those not taking medicinal drugs. Furthermore, study participants who did not skip and delay their meals were 0. Finally, study participants who involved in substance use were 1.

The prevalence of gastritis among the study participants was The results indicated a higher number of women were suffering with gastritis than men.

This result agrees with the studies conducted by Smith et al. Conversely, the result disagrees with the findings of [ 16 — 18 ]. This high prevalence of gastritis among females in this study might be due to females are more likely to visit health facilities than males seeking care gastritis and other health problems. As long as the age was concerned, the results showed that This result disagrees with the findings of [ 14 ] which reported a higher Likewise, the result was in contrast to the study carried out in Switzerland [ 16 ].

Overall, the inconsistence of the results with previous findings might be as a result of the methodologies, survey instruments, sampling strategies employed, or study population.

The ordinal logistic regression results indicated being female was associated with decreased odds of gastritis severity compared with males. Similarly, prior studies [ 2 , 13 ] and a meta-analysis done forty different studies [ 16 ] indicated that men were suffering from gastritis more than women. Furthermore, a study carried out in China [ 18 ] indicated the number of men affected by gastritis than women.

The results indicated, a higher number of women were suffering from acute gastritis than chronic gastritis. In other words, more number of men were suffered from chronic gastritis than acute gastritis.

The studies conducted by Maeda et al. According to Barkan [ 29 ], gender was affecting the health status and behavior of individuals.

Along this line, women generally engage in positive health behaviors, while men are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. The works are characterized by more time-spending activities, full of distress and stress, doing similar tasks repeatedly, and viewed as an inherently negative activity. In a male-dominated society like Ethiopia, women are more involved in domestic work, including serving and caring for the whole family. Owing to differences in social roles, women lived in stressful setups, had less time for taking rest, wakening up early from bed, and later going to bed for sleeping, faced boredoms physically with instable emotional and psychological arrangements.

For this reason, women were visited nearby health care institutions for their illness or disease including gastritis than men.

Another possible explanation might be Ethiopia men visit health facilities after severely affected and they are highly consuming substance and illicit drugs. As a result of such differences, women were less likely to develop chronic gastritis than men; due to experiencing more masculine characteristics; men were more suffered with chronic gastritis than acute. It was found that being older was associated with slightly decreasing the odds of the gastritis status compared to younger.

In other words, the study participants who were younger experienced more acute gastritis than chronic gastritis. Several studies found out that younger individuals were suffered from gastritis [ 1 , 6 , 20 , 30 ]. Conversely, in China [ 31 ] the likelihood of getting gastritis among young and adults were common; nevertheless, in the young it was asymptomatic. In other words, gastritis was more prevalent among older than younger people. All aforementioned studies generally explained about the prevalence of gastritis, although they did not illustrate its severity level in a separate way.

Like gender, age affects the status of health and disease patterns due to social factors [ 32 ]. As explained by Maeda et al. Along these lines, older people had the experiences; they obtained different knowledge that guided them on how to practice good health behaviors. For such practices, the likelihood of older people suffering from acute gastritis was less compared with younger adults.

Further, it was found that earning low income was associated with slightly significantly increased odds of being in chronic gastritis compared with earning high income. Study participants who earned a higher income per month were less likely to suffer from chronic gastritis compared with those earned less. Previous studies [ 3 , 14 , 23 , 24 ] explained the general association of income with gastritis, although they did not clarify the association of income level with gastritis in specific ways.

This might be people with less income level were less likely to visit health care institutions [ 33 ]. Moreover, they had less ability to pay for health services due to they had other life expenses.

The social status of individuals within a social structure was determined by their income level. Owing to such circumstances, the probability of individuals who had low income to be exposed to risky health behaviors that contribute gastritis was high. Eating spiced foods were another important variable, which increased the odds of the severity of gastritis. This study identified individuals who ate spiced foods were more likely suffered chronic gastritis than acute gastritis.

The odds of chronic gastritis were estimated to be about two times higher among the study participants who were eating spiced foods than those who were eating regularly the same foods. The findings of the studies [ 4 , 12 , 14 , 18 ] indicated that eating spiced foods resulted in gastritis, even though they did not identify the type of gastritis which is either acute or chronic. This might be due to the spiced food has a flavor or fragrance than other foods; it was commonly preferred to eat.

In addition to such special properties, the spiced food has the potential to inflame and burn a gastric mucosa. Furthermore, such type of foods had inadequate nutrition and without balanced diets. A biopsy is needed for confirmation. Biopsy — small tissue samples are taken during an endoscopy and tested in a laboratory. The pathologist will look for changes, including the presence of inflammatory cells and epithelium damage.

Treatment for gastritis Treatment for gastritis may include: Identifying the cause — once the cause is identified, steps can be taken to avoid exposure. For example, if alcohol is triggering the inflammation, you can abstain or reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.

Anti-inflammatory drugs taken to help manage other conditions may need to be stopped or replaced with an alternative. Medication — tablets are available to reduce the acid content in the gastric juices. You may need to take these medications for a few weeks or months, depending on your situation. Dietary modifications — such as limiting or avoiding alcohol and caffeine, which can irritate the stomach lining.

No treatment — often gastritis is found by chance during an endoscopy. If Helicobacter pylori is not present, and there are no other features seen on biopsy, there is usually no need to treat the gastritis.

Helicobacter pylori infection The Helicobacter pylori bacterium causes gastritis and is also responsible for most peptic ulcers. Common causes include infection, anti-inflammatory medication and alcohol.

Treatment options include avoiding exposure to known irritants, and medication to reduce the amount of gastric juices. More information here. It may be eased if you take antacid tablets. Sometimes food makes the pain worse. The pain may also wake you from sleep. Don't assume that stomach pain is always a sign of gastritis - the pain could be caused by a wide range of other things, such as a non-ulcer dyspepsia , duodenal ulcer , stomach ulcer or irritable bowel syndrome.

See the separate leaflet called Abdominal Pain. If you have indigestion and stomach pain, you can try treating this yourself with changes to your diet and lifestyle as follows:.

If you think the cause of your gastritis is repeated use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs , try switching to a different painkiller that isn't in the NSAID class, such as paracetamol. You may want to talk with your GP about this. See the separate leaflet called Indigestion Medication for more information.

The tests may show that you have infection with H. See the separate leaflet called Helicobacter Pylori for more details about the treatment for H. If possible, you should stop the anti-inflammatory medicine. This allows the gastritis to heal. You will also normally be prescribed an acid-suppressing medicine for several weeks. This stops the stomach from making acid and allows the gastritis to heal.

However, in many cases the anti-inflammatory medicine is needed to ease symptoms of joint inflammation arthritis or other painful conditions, or aspirin is needed to protect against blood clots. In these situations, one option is to take an acid-suppressing medicine each day indefinitely. This reduces the amount of acid made by the stomach and greatly reduces the chance of gastritis forming again. Your stomach normally produces acid to help with the digestion of food and to kill germs bacteria.

This acid is corrosive, so some cells on the inside lining of the stomach produce a natural mucous barrier. This protects the lining of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine the duodenum.

There is normally a balance between the amount of acid that you make and the mucous defence barrier. Gastritis may develop if there is an alteration in this balance, allowing the acid to damage the lining of the stomach. Infection with H.

Once you are infected, unless treated, the infection usually stays for the rest of your life. Autoimmune gastritis is usually chronic but non-erosive. In some people, autoimmune gastritis may be linked to chronic or severe H.

If properly treated, acute cases of gastritis are rarely associated with complications. However, people may experience serious health complications if they have severe or untreated chronic gastritis. Erosive gastritis can cause peptic ulcers. Once an ulcer has formed, they can progressively degrade the surrounding tissues, widening and enlarging themselves.

Severe ulcers may eventually cause internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Gastritis caused by H. People will often need to take supplements or make dietary adjustments to prevent complications if their chronic gastritis is causing nutritional deficiencies.

Regardless of the cause or severity of symptoms, making dietary and lifestyle adjustments may help treat gastritis or prevent it occurring. Eating a healthy, balanced diet rich in antioxidants , fiber, and probiotics may also help. You find these substances in foods such as:. Some people with chronic gastritis may also find benefit from eating foods with anti-bacterial properties, such as:. Chronic gastritis can cause pain and discomfort and lead to serious complications if left untreated.